cell organelles

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CELL ORGANELLES

Organelles is membrane bounded little structures present inside the plasma membrane.Organelles supports functions & structure of cells.
organelles only can found in eukaryotic cells. These organelles are visible only with an electron microscope.

Some important cell organelles are:

(1) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

The emdoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large network of membrane-bounded tubes and sheets. It looks like long tubules or round or oblong bags (vesicles). 

The ER membrane is similar in structure to the plasma membrane.

There is two types of ER:

-Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

RER looks rough under a microscope because it has particles called ribosomes attached to its surface. 
(The ribosomes, which are present in all active cells, are the sites of protein manufacture. The manufactured proteins are then sent to various places in the cell depending on need, using the ER. 

SER has no ribosomes attached to its surface so it is called smooth ER. 
The SER helps in the manufacture of fat molecules, or lipids, important for cell function.
Some of these proteins and lipids help in building the cell membrane.This process is known as membrane biogenesis.

Although the ER varies greatly in appearance in different cells, it always forms a network system.
Thus, one function of the ER is to serve as channels for the transport of materials (especially proteins) between various regions of the cytoplasm or between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
(The ER also functions as a cytoplasmic also functions as a cytoplasmic framework providing a surface for some of the biochemical activities of the cell. In the liver cells of the group of animals called vertebrates. SER plays a crucial role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs.)
Animal Cell Anatomy Diagram Structure with all parts nucleus ...

(2) GOLGI APPARATUS

The Golgi apparatus, first described by Camillo Golgi.
Golgi consists of a system of membrane-bound vesicles arranged approximately parallel to each other in stacks called cisterns. 

Its functions include the storage modification and packaging of products in vesicles. 
The material synthesized near the ER is packaged and dispatched to various targets inside and outside the cell through the Golgi apparatus.

Cisternae & some vesicles & some vacuoles are found in Golgi.

(3) LYSOSOMES(SUICIDE BAGS)

why Lysosome is known as suicide bags?

Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of the cell, Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs filled with digestive enzymes.

Lysosomes help to keep the clean by digesting any foreign material as well as worn-out cell organelles.
Foreign materials which enters in cell and old organelles of cells end up in the Lysosomes, it breaks them into small pieces.
Lysosomes are able to do this because they contain powerful digestive enzymes capable of breaking down all organic material.

During the disturbance in cellular metabolism, for example, when the cell gets damaged, lysosomes may burst and the enzyme digest their own cell. 
Therefore lysosomes are also known as the 'suicide bags ' of a cell.

(4) MITOCHONDRIA(Powerhouse of cell)

Mitochondria is bounded with double layered membrane. The outer membrane is very porous while the inner membrane is deeply folded.

Mitochondria release ATP that gives energy for chemical activities needed fro life. (ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell.)

The body uses energy stored in ATP for making new chemical compounds and for mechanical work.
Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes. Therefore, mitochondria are able to make some of their own proteins.

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